Introduction
The term module refers to an instructional plan which involves more than one medium not only printed materials, programmed text or teaching machine but also audio tapes, slides, filmstrip,etc...It is a called a multimedia package. The term multimedia package refers to the use of more than one medium for presentation of messages.The term instructional module has become the generic name for a "a unique unit of study that has been well specified, structured, planned and designed in its totality for the purpose of instruction or learning."
Presentation
Instructional module
An instructional module is a self_ sufficient unit of instruction for the learner to work on, for achieving a set of pre_determined objectives.A module contains three co_ ordinates basic elements of instruction. These are objectives, learning activities and evaluation. The philosophy behind instructional module is based on the generally accepted facts that each learner is unique in his background, experience, inherent qualities, habits and learning styles, and hence should be allowed to grow and develop in tune with one's fullest potential. A module can be defined as"a set of learning activities intended to facilitates the students achievements on objective or a set of objectives". Thus a module stands for a part or sub system of the curriculum or instructional programme.An instructional programme in which modules are being used maybe said to adopt the modular approach to instruction. It is an attempt to make instruction individualized so that the student learns at his own pace according to his interest, capabilities and capacities by involving in the tasks and learning activities suggested by the module. Modular approach is considered as an effective and economical way of developing specific items of knowledge and skills with minimum authoritative direction and supervision by the teacher.
Characteristics
The following are the characteristics of the modular approach.
1.Each module is developed for a specific target population of learners.
2.Modules are based on learning objectives stated in behavioral terms.
3.Modules possess a sequence of key activities developed on the selected objectives, content, learner characteristics, and the nature of the discipline.
4.Each module is prepared based on a particular methodology that will be quite appropriate to the requirements of the learner.
5.An in_built evaluation programme will be attached to each module, with a view to continuously assess the progress of each learner.
Components of a module
1.title: The title of the module should be clear and concise.
2.Introduction: The introduction should given the background and rationale of the module.
3.Overview: The overview introduces to the learner the theme of the module. It should give an overall idea of the content.
4.Introduction to the users: This components should include clear instructions to the learner as to how he should proceed in capsule and what he has to do after each step or stage .This is an important component of a module since it would help the learner in self learning. The instruction includes how to take a pre-test, formative test ,summative test and how to under take learning activities.
5.pre-test:The pre-test is taken by the learner in the beginning. This helps to find out the level of knowledge and skills that the learner already has.
6.objectives: The instructional objectives of the module should be clearly stated.
7.Learning activities:It should be provided in planning and sequential manner.
8.Formative test:They are given at the end of each learning unit. The formative test help the learner to know whether he has achieved the expected behavioral outcomes.
9.Summative evaluation:After learning the module the student has to take post test to know how will the learner has attained the expected learning outcomes.
Advantages.
The following are the advantages of modular approach.
1.Learner can learn the subject matter according to one's own pace of learning.
2.monotony of routine instruction can be avoided.
3.Remedial programme can be effectively implemented for the benefit of individual learners.
Disadvantages.
The following are the disadvantages of the modular approach.
1.Lack of proper guidance in using the module may spoil the true spirit of the approach.
2.The modular approach is likely to minimize the services given by teacher's which may lead to different emotional problems among the children.
3.preparation of effective module for all topics is a difficult task.
Sample module
A sample module is given below.
Subject: social science. Standard:10
Topic:Economics
After going through this module, you.
Will be able to:
1.understand the meaning of economics.
2. Understand the branches of economics.
3.To identify the basic economic problems.
My dear students, you are familiar with economics.we know that our economy is present everywhere around us.you have seen that;money's are used in our society.
Can you write down a few more examples where money is used?
Activity_1
_________________________________________
1.________________________________________2._______________________________________3._______________________________________4.________________________________________
So, we can say that, the most popular definition of economics has been given by Lionel Robins. According to Lionel Robins which defined economics as the science which studies human behavior are a relationship between end and scare means, which have alternative uses. People try to make the best possible use of their resources. So, that they could satisfied maximum number of their wants with the available means.
Some economics values are given below, classify them in a table gives with a suitable title to the column.
Utility, price level,inflation, demand for pen, taxes, GDP, salary of a teacher, rent for a piece of land.
Activity_2
__________________________________________Macro economics. Micro economics.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Good, then we can move on the next important area about,micro and macro economics.
Micro economics is the study of economic behavior of the individual or particular unit of a economics. For example, demand for pen, salary of a teacher, rent for a piece of land.
on the other hand,macro economics is the study of the economy as a whole. It studies the entire economy and his aggregates the study of national income,GDP, utility,price level,inflation etc.....
Activity_3
Classifying the following under the micro and macro.
A) Family decision about how income to save.
B) Government regulations on autoemissions.
C)The impact of higher national savings on economic growth.
D)The relationship between inflation and change in quality of money.
___________________________________________micro economics. Macro economics.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Very good.So next we can say that; the central problems of an economy. The economic problem with its roots in scarcity gives rise to the central problems of an economy.These problems can be discussed under the following headings.
They are;
1.The problem of allocation of resources.
2.The problem of efficiency.
3.The problem of full utilization of resources.
4.The problem of growth of resources.
Module summary.
The most popular definition of economics has been given by Lionel Robins which defined economics as the science which studies human behavior are a relationship between end and scared.Micro economics is the study of the behavior of the individual or particular unit of a economics. Macro economics is the study of the economy as a whole.These are the two branches of economics.The central problems of an economy are; the problem of allocation of resources, the problem of efficiency, the problem of full utilization of resources, the problem of growth of resources.
Please try to answer the following questions.
Check your progress.
1.define economics.
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2.Name the different branches of economics.
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3.which are the central problems of an economy.
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Key to the questions.
1.Limited resources and unlimited wants are called economics.
2.Micro and macro economics.
3.The problem of allocation of resources, the problem of efficiency, the problem of full utilization of resources, the problem of growth of resources.
Conclusion
The term instructional module has become the generic name for"a unique unit of study that has been well specified, structured, planned and designed in its totality for the purpose of instruction or learning." An instructional module is a self_sufficient unit of instruction for the learner to work on, for achieving a set of predetermined objectives.
References
Trends and developments in modern educational practices.
_Dr.k. Sivarajan
Teaching science for biological and physical sciences.
_Mariamma Mathew.
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